初中英语语法梳理和提高--介词

介    词

介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

常用介词的主要用法

 

意义 介词	地点、方位	时间	动作方向	其他
about  above across after against  along   among around   at before behind below beside between  by  during for   from   in inside into like near of on like outside over     past since till to towards under until with without	在。。。之上   在。。。之后     在。。。之中 在。。。周围、附近 在 在。。。前面 在。。。后面 在。。。以下 在。。。旁边 在。。。之间 在。。。旁边       在。。。里面 在。。。里面     靠近   在。。。上面   在。。。之外 越过               在。。。下面	在。。。之后 [来源:Zxxk.Com]         在。。。点钟 在。。以前       在。。。之间 到。。。为止 在。。。期间 长达 从。。。起 在。。。（内、后）       接近   在。。。日           过了。。。 自从。。。 直到。。。之时 到     直到。。。为止	横过     沿着                         从。。。来     进入[来源:Zxxk.Com]                         到。。。[来源:学§科§网] 对，向，朝	关于、大约       反对，对着                         为了         像。。。一样   .。。。的   像   超过，在。。。以上（表示数目、程度）               用；有 没有

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

 1. ---What time did you get there this morning?      

   --- _________ eight.    A. In        B. On        C. At       D. From

2. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk ________.

  A. on, to     B. / ,  with       C. on, /      D. / , to

3. Where’s Lily? We are all here ________ her.  A. beside    B. about    C. except  D. with

4. Shanghai  lies ________ the east of China.    A. to      B. in        C. on       D. at

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

用适当的介词填空：

1. Last Saturday I was busy ______ my homework .

2. My teacher was very angry ______ me because I was late ______ school again.

3. Kathy prefers a hula hoop ______ a book. 4. I will invite some friends ______ my eighteenth birthday party.

5. How long has he worked ______ an inventor. 6. My uncle arrived ______ the airport ______ the morning of May 3. 7. I will always help my friends when they are ______ trouble.

8. There is nothing ______ air ______ space. 9. I won’t be back ______ June.

10.  ______ the age ______ twenty, he had written two books. 11.  Mary fell ______ her bike and hurt her right leg. 12.  He has been away ______ China ______ three years ago.

13.  When I was ______ school, I was ______ the school football team.

14.  I think he will be ______ two o’clock.15.  The teacher was given some flowers ______ his students.16.  Look, the birds are singing ______ the tree.17.  He left the classroom ______ all the windows open.18.  My sister is ill today. She doesn’t feel ______ eating anything.19.  It’s too dangerous. You must keep the children away ______ the fire.20.  My parents arrived ______ a cold night.21.  You should apologize ______ her ______ stepping on her foot.

22. The students are sitting ______ the table, reading the newspaper.

23. The city is famous ______ its football, and people there are very proud ______ their city football team.24.  We are doing better ______ English ______ our teacher’s help.

25. Don’t worry ______ me. Everything is going well ______ me.26.  He was late ______ school today, and she came late ______ school, too.

27. ------ Do you know what happened ______ Peter yesterday? ------ He was hit ______ a car.

28. I like clothes made ______ cotton. 29.  He will go to Hangzhou ______ his car tomorrow.

30. ______ my surprise, the Englishman gave up halfway ______ the end.

31. I saw the great changes ______ my own eyes. 32.  You look tired. Instead ______ working indoors you should be out ______ a walk. 33.  Wushu is becoming more and more popular ______ foreigners.

34.  If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me ______ phone.

35. There is going to be a report ______ Chinese history ______ our  school this evening.

36. Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.

37. She is dressed ______ a white skirt ______ red flowers. 38.  It’s bad ______ you to go to work ______ breakfast. 39. It’s very nice ______ you to get me two tickets ______ the World    Cup.40. ------ Where have you been these days? ------ I have been to Bei Daihe ______ a friend ______ Canada. 41. ------ Would you like some coffee?------ Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee ______ milk.-42. ----- When did Mr Smith come here? ------ ______ nine o’clock yesterday morning.43. You must stand ______ line when you are waiting ______ a bus.44. ------ Jack, will you be home ______ time to see the children before they go to bed?------ No problem.

45. China lies ______ the east of Asia and ______ the North of Australia.[来源:学科网]

46. If you can’t pass the exam, you’ll fall ______ others.

47. I have a swim every day ______ yesterday. 48. We all know that the earth moves ______ the sun.49. The sunlight is coming in ______ the window.

50. This room is full______students and that one is filled______ teachers.

 

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重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母

          双写词尾字母+ed

2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：

主   语	肯 定 式	否 定 式	疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数	I was a student. We/You/ They were students. He/ She was a student.   I / We/ You/ They/ liked music. Many people liked music.	I was not a student. We/You/ They were not students. He/ She was not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ didn’t like music. Many people didn’t like music.	Were you a student. Were you/ they  students? Was he/ she a student?   Did you/ they like music? Did many people like music?

 

3）一般过去时的用法：过去发生的动作。例如： The police stopped me on my way home last night.过去存在的状态。例如：They weren't able to come because they were so busy.

3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。

1.Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.A. was   B. is  C. will be  D. would be

解析：时分钟前发生的动作， 应该用一般过去时。 应选 A，

3．He promised to tell me by himself when I ____. A. come B. would come C. come D. had come

5．现在完成时

1）  现在完成时的构成：have / has + v-ing

2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：

主   语	肯 定 式	否 定 式	疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数	I /We/You/ They have been here before. He/ She has been here before. .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.	I /We/You/ They haven’t been here before. He/ She hasn’t been here before . .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven’t seen the film.	Have you/ they been here before? Has he/ she been here before? Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?

在完成时的用法：

1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如: She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)

2、表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

  I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.

注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如： He has died for 3 years.(F) He has been dead for 3 years.(T)

注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等

    ②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）[来如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)

--How long ______ he ______ a fever?--- Ever since last night.

A. has, got     B. have , had    C. has, caught   D. did, have

My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk   C. has drunk   D. drank

6、过去进行时

1）过去进行时的构成：  was / were +v-ing

2) 过去进行时的用法： 过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：

  This time last year I was living in Brazil.  What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?

3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。

Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer

A. was bought   B. had bought   C bought    D. would buy    

They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.

A. were going to   B. went    C. would going  D. were going

7、过去完成时态

1）过去完成时态的构成：   肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词      

  否定式：hadn’t + 动词的过去分词  疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词

 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.  No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法

过去完成时的用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：

 She said she had seen the film 4 times.

 When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.

 By the time they arrived, the bus had left.

2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

 She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.

A. studied, had gone  B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes   D. had studied, had gone

2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ a good drink.

A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy

3. Xiao Pei said she ____ Hainan for 3 months.

A. has been in    B. had been in   C. had been to   D. had gone to